Gespeichert in:
| Titel: | Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry |
|---|---|
| Von: |
ed. by Colin A. Russell
|
| Person: |
Russell, Colin Archibald
1928-2013 Verfasser aut |
| Hauptverfasser: | |
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
Royal Society of Chemistry
2000
|
| Notation: | VB 2340 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Medienzugang: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009122433&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XVI, 372 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0854045996 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Chemistry, society and environment |b a new history of the British chemical industry |c ed. by Colin A. Russell |
| 264 | 1 | |a London |b Royal Society of Chemistry |c 2000 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 372 S. |b Ill. | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Umwelt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical industry |x Environmental aspects |z Great Britain | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemical industry |z Great Britain |x History | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-UBR_call_number | 86/VB 2340 R961 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-UBR_katkey | 3064266 |
| DE-BY-UBR_location | UB Lesesaal Chemie / Pharmazie |
| DE-BY-UBR_media_number | 069030306901 |
| _version_ | 1835079662012727296 |
| adam_text | Contents
Preface v
C A Russell
Chapter 1 Records of the British Chemical Industry 1
C A Russell
1 Written Sources 1
(a) Primary sources 2
(b) Secondary sources 5
2 Objects 7
(a) The use of museums 8
(b) Industrial archaeology 9
(c) Archive film 11
3 The Wider Context 11
Chapter 2 The Shape of the British Chemical Industry 13
N G Coley
1 Introduction 13
2 A High-technology Industry 14
3 Primary Source Materials 16
(a) Sulphur, sulphur-bearing ores and sulphuric acid 16
(b) Alkalis and chlorine 16
(c) The nitrogen industry 17
(d) Limestone and phosphates 19
(e) Silicates 19
(f) Borax and boron compounds 20
(g) Fluorides, bromides, iodides 21
(h) Coal and its products 22
(i) The petroleum industry 22
(j) Oils, fats and waxes 24
4 Chemicals and the Domestic Consumer 25
(a) Dyestuffs 25
(b) Pigments and fillers 26
(c) Polymers 26
(d) Soap and detergents 27
(e) Perfumes and pharmaceuticals 28
(f) Agrochemicals 29
5 Defining the Chemical Industry 29
(a) Classification by product-types 30
(b) Classification by techniques 31
IX
Contents
6 Chemical Industry and Economic Viability 33
(a) The economic feasibility of chemical waste recovery 33
(b) Research and development 35
7 The Chemical Industry and its Work Force 37
Chapter 3 Origins of the British Chemical Industry 43
N G Coley
1 Pre-history 43
2 Early British Chemical Industry 45
(a) Wood 46
(b) Coal and coke 47
(c) Limestone (calcium carbonate) 47
(d) Barilla and kelp 48
(e) Salt 48
(f) Sulphur 50
(g) Metals 51
3 Some Products of Early Chemical Manufacturing 53
(a) Alkalis 53
(b) Soap 55
(c) Glass 56
(d) Copperas 56
(e) Sulphuric acid 57
(f) Chemicals for bleaching 59
(g) Nitric acid 62
(h) Alum 62
4 Dyes and Dyeing 65
5 Chemicals in Agriculture and Allied Industries 67
(a) Fertilisers 67
(b) Sugar, starch and fermentation 68
(c) Brewing 69
(d) Tanning 70
6 Drugs and Pharmaceuticals 70
Chapter 4 The Alkali Industry 75
W A Campbell
1 Alkali in the Industrial Revolution 75
(a) Sources of alkali 75
(b) Early soda manufacture 76
2 The Leblanc Process 77
(a) The raw materials 78
(b) Furnace design 80
(c) Fiscal considerations 80
3 The Alkali Workers 82
(a) The saltcake workers 84
(b) Black ash men and finishers 85
(c) Bleaching powder workers 86
nts xi
(d) Wages and conditions 86
(e) Children in the alkali trade 87
(f) The health of the workers 88
4 Environmental Aspects 90
(a) Remedial measures 90
(b) Utilisation of waste products 91
5 Sulphuric Acid Manufacture 98
(a) Lead chamber process 98
(b) Contact process 101
6 Demise of the Leblanc Process 103
(a) Ammonia-soda or Solvay process 103
(b) Electrolysis of brine 105
7 Coda 106
Chapter 5 The Nitrogen Industry 107
W A Campbell
1 Chemical Manure 107
(a) Liebig and superphosphate 107
(b) Manure and the environment 112
(c) The analysis scandal 113
2 Explosives 117
(a) Picric acid 117
(b) TNT 118
(c) Detonators 120
3 Cyanides and their Derivatives 121
(a) Prussiates 121
(b) Cyanamide 123
4 Leather and Glue 123
5 Ammonia 125
(a) The trade in urine 125
(b) Gas-works ammonia 126
(c) The Haber process 126
(d) Ammonium chloride or sal ammoniac 129
6 Nitric Acid 130
Chapter 6 The British Pharmaceutical Industry 133
N G Coley
1 Introduction 133
2 The British Pharmaceutical Industry in the 18th and Early 19th
Centuries 133
3 The British Pharmaceutical Industry from the Later 19th Century 137
4 Organic Chemistry and Fine Chemicals 142
5 19th Century Drug Synthesis 144
6 The Early 20th Century Drugs Industry 146
(a) The sulphonamides 147
(b) Penicillin and other antibiotics 149
Contents
7 The Modern British Pharmaceutical Industry 151
8 The Search for New Drugs 153
9 Some Modern Problems 155
Chapter 7 General and Fine Inorganic Chemicals 157
W A Campbell
1 Iatrochemistry 157
2 Pigments 159
(a) Vermilion 159
(b) White lead 159
(c) Red lead 160
(d) Verdigris 161
(e) Scheele’s Green 163
(f) Prussian Blue 164
(g) Chromium pigments 165
(h) Ultramarine 167
3 Glass and Glazes
4 Matches and Pyrotechnics 170
(a) Phosphorus 171
(b) Incendiary mixtures 173
5 Copperas and Alum 175
(a) Copperas 175
(b) Alum 178
6 Oxygen and Hydrogen 181
(a) Hydrogen peroxide 182
(b) Ozone 184
(c) Hydrogen 184
7 Fine Inorganic Chemicals 185
(a) Reagents 186
(b) Photographic chemicals 189
8 Uranium, Radium and Plutonium 190
(a) Radium 191
(b) Nuclear fission 193
(c) Atomic energy 195
Chapter 8 The Organic Chemicals Industry to the First World War 197
C A Russell
1 Extraction of Organic Natural Products 197
(a) Sucrose 198
(b) Products of fermentation 200
(c) Natural dyestuffs 203
(d) Natural rubber 206
2 Chemical Modification of Natural Products 207
(a) Distillation of wood 207
(b) Hydrolysis of fats 209
ts xiii
(c) Cellulose 213
(d) Condensation of casein 216
3 The Supremacy of‘Old King Coal’ 217
(a) Industrial progress and environmental hazard 217
(b) Coal-tar acquires a chemistry 221
(c) The manufacture of synthetic dyestuffs 226
(d) Other products from coal 234
(e) Back to the environment 235
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
The Age of Polymers and Petrochemicals (Industrial Organic Chemistry
from 1914) 239
C A Russell
1 Organic Chemistry and the First World War 239
(a) Explosives 239
(b) Aircraft construction 241
(c) Dyestuffs 243
(d) Rubber tyres 243
2 Synthetic Polymers 245
(a) Phenol-formaldehyde resins 245
(b) Urea-formaldehyde resins 246
(c) Alkyd resins 247
(d) Poly(methyl methacrylates) 248
(e) Nylon 248
(f) Polyethylene 249
(g) Polystyrene 249
(h) Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) 249
(i) Poly(vinyl acetate) (PVA) 251
(j) Synthetic rubber 252
(k) Polypropylene 252
(1) Polyester resins 253
3 Non-petroleum Based Primary Organic Chemicals 253
(a) Acetone and related chemicals 255
(b) Methanol and formaldeyde 255
(c) Calcium carbide and acetylene 256
(d) Coal tar aromatics 257
4 The Early British Petrochemical Industry 259
(a) Petrochemicals come to Britain 259
(b) The shape of the new industry 262
(c) Some environmental considerations 266
Metal Extraction and Refining 271
C A Russell and SAH Wilmot
1 Introduction 271
2 Iron Before Steel 272
(a) The blast furnace 273
Contents
(b) Replacement of charcoal by coke 278
(c) The puddling process 282
3 The Coming of Steel 285
(a) Huntsman’s crucible steel 285
(b) The Bessemer converter 285
(c) The open hearth process 287
(d) Later modernisations 288
4 Chemistry and Iron Making 290
(a) Overlapping personnel 290
(b) Use of chemical knowledge 290
(c) Material transfer 291
5 Copper in South Wales 292
(a) Early beginnings 292
(b) Copper mining in the 19th century and its environmental impact 295
(c) The rise of copper smelting and its environmental impact 296
(d) The chemical industry and the growth of the ‘wet copper’
industry 300
(e) Decline of the British copper industry 302
6 Three Other Non-ferrous Metals 303
(a) Lead 303
(b) Tin 306
(c) Zinc 308
7 Metals and Electricity 309
(a) The coming of electric power 309
(b) Sodium 311
(c) Aluminium 313
Chapter 11 Chemical Industry and the Quality of Life 319
N G Coley and SAH Wilmot
1 Introduction 319
2 Environment: the Big Issue 320
(a) Some general considerations 320
(b) Agriculture, agro-chemicals and biodiversity 326
(c) Global issues: ozone depletion and global warming 332
(d) Health and diet 334
3 Consumer Benefits from the British Chemical Industry 338
4 Conclusion 346
Index of Persons 351
Subject Index 357
|
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| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Book |
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| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV013375203 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T10:46:07Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0854045996 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009122433 |
| oclc_num | 442907920 |
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| physical | XVI, 372 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Royal Society of Chemistry |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Russell, Colin Archibald 1928-2013 Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry Geschichte Umwelt Chemical industry Environmental aspects Great Britain Chemical industry Great Britain History Chemische Industrie (DE-588)4009848-5 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4009848-5 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry |
| title_auth | Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry |
| title_exact_search | Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry |
| title_full | Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry ed. by Colin A. Russell |
| title_fullStr | Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry ed. by Colin A. Russell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemistry, society and environment a new history of the British chemical industry ed. by Colin A. Russell |
| title_short | Chemistry, society and environment |
| title_sort | chemistry society and environment a new history of the british chemical industry |
| title_sub | a new history of the British chemical industry |
| topic | Geschichte Umwelt Chemical industry Environmental aspects Great Britain Chemical industry Great Britain History Chemische Industrie (DE-588)4009848-5 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Umwelt Chemical industry Environmental aspects Great Britain Chemical industry Great Britain History Chemische Industrie Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009122433&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis
UB Lesesaal Chemie / Pharmazie
Signatur notieren und vor Ort nutzen oder für zwei Wochen ausleihen| Signatur: | 86 VB 2340 R961 |
|---|---|
| Exemplar 1 | entleihbar Vorhanden |