Verfügbarkeit: Principles of international criminal law

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Titel:	Principles of international criminal law
Von:	Gerhard Werle ; Florian Jessberger in cooperation with Julia Geneuss ...
Person:	Werle, Gerhard 1952- Verfasser aut Jeßberger, Florian 1971-
Hauptverfassende:	Werle, Gerhard 1952- (VerfasserIn), Jeßberger, Florian 1971- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 2014
Ausgabe:	3. ed.
Notation:	PR 2210
Schlagwörter:	Völkerstrafrecht Deutschland Lehrbuch
Medienzugang:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027442677&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	XXXIII, 676 S.
ISBN:	9780198703600 9780198703594

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	P- XIII XXV XXXII 1 1 30 42 55 73 90 MARG. NO. 1 1 88 121 151 212 254 SUMMARY CONTENTS CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS A. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW B. CONCEPTS, AIMS, AND LEGITIMACY C. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER D. SOURCES AND INTERPRETATION E. UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION, THE DUTY TO PROSECUTE, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE F. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC COUNS G. PROSECUTION OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW BY INTERNATIONAL AND INTERNATIONALIZED COURTS 95 267 H. PROSECUTION OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW BY DOMESTIC COURTS I. DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTATION PART TWO: GENERAL PRINCIPLES A. TOWARDS A GENERAL THEORY OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW B. MATERIAL ELEMENTS C. MENTAL ELEMENT D. INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY E. SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY F. GROUNDS FOR EXCLUDING CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY G. INCHOATE CRIMES H. OMISSIONS I. OFFICIAL CAPACITY AND IMMUNITY J. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES K. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROSECUTION PART THREE: GENOCIDE A. INTRODUCTION B. MATERIAL ELEMENTS C. MENTAL ELEMENT D. INCITEMENT TO COMMIT GENOCIDE E. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES XI 128 144 165 167 172 175 192 221 234 261 266 270 280 286 289 289 295 312 321 324 344 372 428 435 452 459 508 578 615 692 711 721 743 763 772 773 789 834 853 861 SUMMARY CONTENTS PART FOUR: CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY A. INTRODUCTION B. CONTEXTUAL ELEMENT (ATTACK ON A CIVILIAN POPULATION) C. INDIVIDUAL ACTS D. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES PART FIVE: WAR CRIMES A. INTRODUCTION B. OVERALL REQUIREMENTS C. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS D. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY AND OTHER RIGHTS E. EMPLOYING PROHIBITED METHODS OF WARFARE F. USE OF PROHIBITED MEANS OF WARFARE G. WAR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS H. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES PART SIX: THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION A. THE PROHIBITION OF AGGRESSION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW B. CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW (WAR OF AGGRESSION) C. THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION IN THE ICC STATUTE AFTER KAMPALA APPENDIX 1: MATERIALS APPENDIX 2: TABLE OF CASES APPENDIX 3: TABLE OF STATUTES AND INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS APPENDIX 4: INDEX P- 327 328 334 348 387 391 391 410 427 467 475 509 523 526 529 530 534 546 557 617 639 663 MARG. NO. 866 867 881 916 1024 1028 1029 1078 1122 1256 1278 1379 1419 1429 1432 1434 1444 1467 XII P. ME XXV XXXIII 1 1 2 5 6 6 7 7 8 10 11 12 14 15 16 IRG. NO. 1 1 6 15 17 17 19 22 25 30 34 40 45 48 54 CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS A. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW I. PROLOGUE: THE VERSAILLES PEACE TREATY II. BREAKTHROUGH: THE LAW OF NUREMBERG AND TOKYO 1. THE NUREMBERG CHARTER AND TRIAL A) CREATION OF THE NUREMBERG TRIBUNAL B) PROVISIONS OF THE NUREMBERG CHARTER C) THE NUREMBERG JUDGMENT D) CONTEMPORARY AND CURRENT ASSESSMENTS 2. THE TOKYO CHARTER AND TRIAL 3. CONTROL COUNCIL LAW NO. 10 III. CONFIRMATION AND STANDSTILL: INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE COLD WAR IV. RENAISSANCE: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS AD HOC TRIBUNALS 1. THE YUGOSLAVIA TRIBUNAL 2. THE RWANDA TRIBUNAL V. CONSOLIDATION: THE ICC STATUTE AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT 17 56 1. PREVIOUS EFFORTS TO CREATE A PERMANENT INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT 17 57 2. THE CONFERENCE OF PLENIPOTENTIARIES IN ROME AND THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE ICC STATUTE 3. THE REVIEW CONFERENCE IN KAMPALA 4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ICC STATUTE VI. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 1. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONALIZED COURTS (HYBRID COURTS) 2. IMPLEMENTATION OF (SUBSTANTIVE) INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW B. CONCEPTS, AIMS, AND LEGITIMACY I. THE NOTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW II. AIMS AND LEGITIMACY OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW III. THE INTERNATIONAL ELEMENT OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW IV. THE LEGITIMACY OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND PURPOSES OF PUNISHMENT V. NULLUM CRIMEN, NULLA POENA SINE LEGE IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW VI. THE PRINCIPLE OF PERSONAL CULPABILITY C. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ORDER I. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND STATE RESPONSIBILITY XIN 19 25 26 27 27 29 30 31 33 35 36 39 41 42 43 60 73 77 80 81 85 88 89 97 102 106 113 119 121 122 49 50 51 134 138 139 CONTENTS P. MARG. NO. II. CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW AND TREATY-BASED CRIMES 45 125 III. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW, SUPRANATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW, COOPERATION IN CRIMINAL MATTERS, AND EXTRATERRITORIAL JURISDICTION IV. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS 1. PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS THROUGH INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW 2. THE FUNCTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN LIMITING INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW 53 146 V. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND THE LAW OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEDURE 54 147 D. SOURCES AND INTERPRETATION I. SOURCES OF LAW 1. INTERNATIONAL TREATIES 2. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW II. SUBSIDIARY MEANS FOR DETERMINING THE LAW III. INDIVIDUAL SOURCES 1. ICC STATUTE 2. THE ICTY AND ICTR STATUTES 3. THE NUREMBERG AND TOKYO CHARTERS 4. CONTROL COUNCIL LAW NO. 10 5. HAGUE REGULATIONS, GENOCIDE CONVENTION, GENEVA CONVENTIONS 6. DECISIONS OF INTERNATIONAL COURTS AND TRIBUNALS 7. RESOLUTIONS OF THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL, AND REPORTS OF THE UN SECRETARY-GENERAL 8. INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMISSION DRAFTS AND COMMENTS 9. DRAFTS AND COMMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY ASSOCIATIONS 10. DECISIONS OF NATIONAL COURTS 11. NATIONAL LEGISLATION 12. MILITARY MANUALS IV. INTERPRETATION V. DETERMINING AND INTERPRETING THE LAW THROUGH THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT E. UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION, THE DUTY TO PROSECUTE, TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE I. UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION AND THE POWER TO PROSECUTE AND PUNISH II. THE DUTY TO PROSECUTE 1. THE DUTY TO PROSECUTE BY THE STATE OF COMMISSION 2. DO THIRD STATES HAVE A DUTY TO PROSECUTE? III. TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE AND CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 1. OPTIONS FOR DEALING WITH THE PAST 2. NON-PROSECUTION F. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC COURTS I. DIRECT AND INDIRECT ENFORCEMENT II. EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION (NUREMBERG MODEL) III. PRECEDENCE OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNALS (MODEL OF THE UNITED NATIONS AD HOC TRIBUNALS) IV. PRECEDENCE OF DOMESTIC COURTS V. COMPLEMENTARITY (MODEL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT) 55 56 57 57 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 63 63 64 64 65 65 65 66 66 68 73 73 79 79 81 83 84 88 90 91 92 93 93 93 151 152 155 157 164 166 167 168 173 175 177 178 179 181 183 184 185 187 188 189 195 212 212 226 228 231 237 240 249 254 255 259 262 263 264 P- 95 95 96 98 101 103 106 113 114 118 121 MARG. NO. 267 267 269 275 284 289 297 312 313 328 333 CONTENTS G. PROSECUTION OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW BY INTERNATIONAL AND INTERNATIONALIZED COURTS I. THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT 1. JURISDICTION 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE COURT AND PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDINGS 3. PROCEEDINGS 4. ADMISSIBILITY TEST 5. THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT IN PRACTICE II. THE AD HOC TRIBUNALS 1. THE YUGOSLAVIA TRIBUNAL 2. THE RWANDA TRIBUNAL III. INTERNATIONALIZED COURTS (HYBRID COURTS) H. PROSECUTION OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW BY DOMESTIC COURTS 128 344 I. PROSECUTION OF CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY AND WAR CRIMES AFTER 1945 130 348 II. PROSECUTION OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW IN RWANDA AND FORMER YUGOSLAVIA III. CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA IV. CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW IN IRAQ I. DOMESTIC IMPLEMENTATION I. THE NEED FOR IMPLEMENTATION II. OPTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTATION 1. COMPLETE INCORPORATION A) DIRECT APPLICATION B) REFERENCE C) COPYING 2. NON-INCORPORATION*APPLYING ORDINARY CRIMINAL LAW 3. MODIFIED INCORPORATION 4. COMBINATIONS III. FORMS OF INCORPORATION 1. AMENDMENT OF EXISTING LAWS 2. SELF-CONTAINED CODIFICATION IV. INTERPRETATION OF INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW IN A DOMESTIC CONTEXT V. THE (GERMAN) CODE OF CRIMES AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW 1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 2. AIMS 3. STRUCTURE 4. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 5. GENOCIDE 6. CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY 7. WAR CRIMES 8. VIOLATIONS OF DUTY OF SUPERVISION 9. AGGRESSION 10. UNIVERSAL JURISDICTION 11. THE (GERMAN) CODE OF CRIMES AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW IN PRACTICE 161 423 134 139 142 144 144 146 146 146 147 147 147 148 148 149 149 149 150 151 152 154 155 155 156 157 157 159 159 159 354 362 367 372 374 377 378 379 380 381 382 385 386 387 388 390 392 395 396 403 406 407 411 412 413 418 420 421 CONTENTS PART TWO: GENERAL PRINCIPLES A. TOWARDS A GENERAL THEORY OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW I. THE CONCEPT OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW II. THE CONTEXT OF ORGANIZED VIOLENCE (INTERNATIONAL ELEMENT) III. THE STRUCTURE OF CRIMES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 1. STEP ONE: MATERIAL ELEMENTS 2. STEP TWO: MENTAL ELEMENT 3. STEP THREE: GROUNDS FOR EXCLUDING RESPONSIBILITY 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROSECUTION B. MATERIAL ELEMENTS I. CONDUCT II. CONSEQUENCE AND CAUSATION III. CIRCUMSTANCES C. MENTAL ELEMENT I. JURISPRUDENCE OF THE AD HOC TRIBUNALS II. ARTICLE 30 OF THE ICC STATUTE 1. STRUCTURE 2. STANDARD REQUIREMENTS: INTENT AND KNOWLEDGE A) INTENT AS REGARDS THE CRIMINAL CONDUCT B) INTENT AND KNOWLEDGE AS REGARDS THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONDUCT C) KNOWLEDGE AS REGARDS THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE CRIME 3. DEPARTURES FROM THE STANDARD REQUIREMENTS A) SOURCES OF OTHER PROVISIONS WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 30 AA) OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THE ICC STATUTE BB) OTHERWISE PROVIDED IN THE ELEMENTS OF CRIMES AND IN CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW B) EFFECTS OF OTHER PROVISIONS WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 30 OF THE ICC STATUTE AA) AFFIRMATION AND CLARIFICATION BB) EXPANSION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY CC) NARROWING OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY III. THE CONTEXT OF THE CRIME AND THE MENTAL ELEMENT IV. CONCLUSION D. INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY I. TOWARDS A DOCTRINE OF MODES OF PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW 1. INTERNATIONAL CASE LAW AND CUSTOMARY LAW 2. ICC STATUTE II. COMMISSION 1. COMMISSION AS AN INDIVIDUAL 2. JOINT COMMISSION A) JOINT CRIMINAL ENTERPRISE (AD HOC TRIBUNALS) B) ICC STATUTE 3. COMMISSION THROUGH ANOTHER PERSON 4. INDIRECT CO-PERPETRATION AND JOINT INDIRECT PERPETRATION XVI P- 165 167 168 170 170 171 171 171 172 172 173 173 174 175 176 178 178 179 180 180 183 183 184 184 185 187 187 187 189 189 191 192 194 194 195 198 199 199 200 205 207 211 MARG. NO. 428 435 436 443 444 445 447 449 451 452 454 455 457 459 462 467 468 473 474 475 480 482 483 483 485 489 490 491 496 498 505 508 510 510 514 521 524 526 527 538 547 556 CONTENTS III. INSTIGATION AND ORDERING 1. INSTIGATION 2. ORDERING IV. ASSISTANCE V. ASSISTING THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME BY A GROUP E. SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY I. SUPERIOR-SUBORDINATE RELATIONSHIP 1. MILITARY COMMANDERS 2. CIVILIAN SUPERIORS II. MENTAL ELEMENT III. FAILURE TO TAKE NECESSARY MEASURES 1. PREVENTIVE MEASURES 2. REPRESSIVE MEASURES 3. NECESSARY AND REASONABLE MEASURES IV. COMMISSION OF CRIME AS A RESULT OF VIOLATION OF DUTY OF CONTROL 232 F. GROUNDS FOR EXCLUDING CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY I. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF DEFENCES IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW 1. INTERNATIONAL CASE LAW 2. ICC STATUTE II. SELF-DEFENCE 1. SELF-DEFENCE SITUATION A) USE OF FORCE B) DEFENSIBLE INTERESTS 2. SELF-DEFENCE MEASURES 3. MENTAL ELEMENT 4. INDIVIDUAL SELF-DEFENCE AND A STATE S RIGHT OF SELF-DEFENCE III. NECESSITY AND DURESS 1. THREAT TO LIFE OR LIMB 2. NECESSARY AND REASONABLE MEASURES 3. INTENTION OF AVERTING A THREAT 4. BALANCING OF INTERESTS 5. SELF-INDUCED NECESSITY 6. LIMITS ON DURESS AND NECESSITY IN CASES OF SPECIAL DUTY TO ASSUME DANGER IV. MISTAKE 1. MISTAKE OF FACT 2. MISTAKE OF LAW V. SUPERIOR ORDERS 1. BASIC POSITIONS 2. INTERNATIONAL CASE LAW AND CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW 3. ARTICLE 33 OF THE ICC STATUTE VI. MENTAL DISEASE OR DEFECT VII. INTOXICATION 1. DESTRUCTION OF THE CAPACITY TO APPRECIATE OR CONTROL CONDUCT 2. EXCLUSION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR VOLUNTARY INTOXICATION? VIII. OTHER GROUNDS FOR EXCLUDING RESPONSIBILITY G. INCHOATE CRIMES I. CONSPIRACY XVU P- 213 213 214 216 219 221 225 226 226 228 230 230 231 231 232 234 234 234 235 236 236 237 237 238 238 238 239 241 241 243 243 243 244 244 246 247 248 249 249 251 253 255 256 256 258 261 261 MARG. NO. 563 564 568 571 575 578 587 591 592 595 601 602 603 605 610 615 616 616 619 621 622 623 624 628 629 630 632 637 639 641 642 643 645 646 649 653 658 659 663 669 672 677 679 680 684 692 695 CONTENTS II. PLANNING AND PREPARATION III. ATTEMPT AND ABANDONMENT H. OMISSIONS I. OFFICIAL CAPACITY AND IMMUNITY I. IMMUNITY AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW II. IRRELEVANCE OF OFFICIAL CAPACITY III. (LIMITED) IMMUNITY FOR HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT, FOREIGN MINISTERS, AND DIPLOMATS IV. SUMMARY J. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES I. INTERNATIONAL CASE LAW II. SAME CONDUCT 1. CUMULATIVE CHARGING 2. MULTIPLE CONVICTIONS III. SENTENCING K. REQUIREMENTS FOR PROSECUTION PART THREE: GENOCIDE A. INTRODUCTION I. THE PHENOMENON OF GENOCIDE II. HISTORY OF THE CRIME III. STRUCTURE OF THE CRIME IV. PROTECTED INTERESTS B. MATERIAL ELEMENTS I. PROTECTED GROUPS 1. CRITERIA FOR GROUP CLASSIFICATION 2. NATIONAL GROUPS 3. ETHNIC GROUPS 4. RACIAL GROUPS 5. RELIGIOUS GROUPS 6. OTHER GROUPS II. INDIVIDUAL ACTS 1. KILLING 2. CAUSING SERIOUS BODILY OR MENTAL HARM 3. INFLICTING DESTRUCTIVE CONDITIONS OF LIFE 4. IMPOSING MEASURES TO PREVENT BIRTHS 5. FORCIBLY TRANSFERRING CHILDREN 6. IS SO-CALLED ETHNIC CLEANSING GENOCIDE? III. MUST THE INDIVIDUAL ACT FORM PART OF A COLLECTIVE GENOCIDAL ACTIVITY? C. MENTAL ELEMENT I. INTENT AND KNOWLEDGE (ARTICLE 30 OF THE ICC STATUTE) II. SPECIFIC INTENT TO DESTROY 1. THE TERM INTENT 2. THE GROUP AS THE OBJECT OF DESTRUCTIVE INTENT 3. INTENT TO DESTROY A 263 264 266 270 270 273 276 279 280 280 281 282 282 285 286 289 289 289 291 293 294 295 295 296 298 299 299 299 300 302 303 303 305 306 307 308 309 312 312 313 314 315 317 MARG. NO. 699 702 711 721 722 728 734 742 743 746 747 750 751 759 763 772 773 773 778 781 784 789 789 791 798 799 800 801 803 806 809 810 813 817 818 824 826 834 836 840 841 843 847 XVI11 CONTENTS 4. INTENT TO DESTROY AND MULTIPLE PARTICIPANTS 5. EVIDENTIARY ISSUES D. INCITEMENT TO COMMIT GENOCIDE I. STRUCTURE OF THE CRIME II. MATERIAL ELEMENTS III. MENTAL ELEMENT E. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES PART FOUR: CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY A. INTRODUCTION I. THE PHENOMENON OF CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY II. HISTORY OF THE CRIME III. STRUCTURE OF THE CRIME IV. PROTECTED INTERESTS B. CONTEXTUAL ELEMENT (ATTACK ON A CIVILIAN POPULATION) I. A CIVILIAN POPULATION AS THE OBJECT OF THE CRIME II. WIDESPREAD OR SYSTEMATIC ATTACK 1. ATTACK 2. WIDESPREAD OR SYSTEMATIC CHARACTER III. THE POLICY ELEMENT IV. PERPETRATORS V. MENTAL ELEMENT C. INDIVIDUAL ACTS I. MURDER II. EXTERMINATION III. ENSLAVEMENT 1. DEFINITION 2. FORCED LABOUR 3. TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS IV. DEPORTATION OR FORCIBLE TRANSFER OF POPULATION V. IMPRISONMENT VI. TORTURE VII. SEXUAL VIOLENCE 1. RAPE 2. SEXUAL SLAVERY 3. ENFORCED PROSTITUTION 4. FORCED PREGNANCY 5. ENFORCED STERILIZATION 6. OTHER FORMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE VIII. PERSECUTION 1. MATERIAL ELEMENTS 2. MENTAL ELEMENT A) POLITICAL, RACIAL, OR RELIGIOUS GROUNDS B) OTHER GROUNDS P- 319 320 321 321 323 324 324 327 328 328 328 333 333 334 334 337 337 339 340 346 346 348 348 350 353 354 355 356 357 361 362 366 367 370 370 371 371 372 372 373 377 378 378 MARG. NO. 848 852 853 854 858 860 861 866 867 867 869 879 880 881 882 891 891 894 898 912 913 916 918 921 927 930 935 938 940 951 956 969 971 978 979 981 983 984 985 988 997 999 1001 P- 379 383 385 MARG. NO. 1004 1012 1020 391 392 392 1029 1030 1031 CONTENTS IX. ENFORCED DISAPPEARANCE X. APARTHEID XI. OTHER INHUMANE ACTS D. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES 387 1024 PART FIVE: WAR CRIMES 391 1028 A. INTRODUCTION I. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 1. LAWS OF WAR AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW 2. NATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW TO IMPLEMENT INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW 399 1051 3. INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW II. INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND CRIMINAL SANCTIONS III. WAR CRIMES IN NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT IV. PROTECTED INTERESTS V. CATEGORIES OF WAR CRIMES B. OVERALL REQUIREMENTS I. ARMED CONFLICT II. CHARACTER OF ARMED CONFLICT 1. INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT A) INTER-STATE CONFLICT B) INTRA-STATE OR TRANSNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL CHARACTER AA) WARS OF NATIONAL LIBERATION BB) OTHER INTRA-STATE OR TRANSNATIONAL CONFLICTS C) APPLICABILITY OF THE LAW OF WAR CRIMES DESPITE NO USE OF FORCE 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 3. MIXED ARMED CONFLICTS III. APPLICABILITY OF THE LAW OF WAR CRIMES, RATIONE TEMPORIS AND LOCI IV. THE NEXUS BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL ACT AND THE ARMED CONFLICT V. MENTAL ELEMENT 1. PERPETRATOR S AWARENESS OF THE CONFLICT 2. WILFULNESS IN THE LAW OF WAR CRIMES C. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS I. VICTIMS OF WAR CRIMES AGAINST PERSONS 1. PERSONS PROTECTED IN THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS A) PROTECTED PERSONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS B) PROTECTED PERSONS IN NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICTS C) MENTAL ELEMENT 2. PERSONS PROTECTED BY OTHER PROVISIONS II. KILLING III. KILLING AND WOUNDING COMBATANTS WHO HAVE LAID DOWN THEIR ARMS IV. OFFENCES OF MISTREATMENT 1. TORTURE 2. CAUSING SUFFERING OR INJURY TO HEALTH (INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT) 402 403 406 409 409 410 410 411 412 412 413 413 414 416 416 420 421 422 425 425 426 427 427 427 427 430 431 431 431 433 434 435 436 1056 1059 1067 1073 1075 1078 1078 1081 1082 1082 1084 1085 1086 1092 1094 1104 1106 1109 1116 1116 1119 1122 1122 1123 1124 1134 1136 1137 1138 1142 1147 1149 1153 CONTENTS 3. MUTILATION 4. BIOLOGICAL, MEDICAL, OR SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS 5. INHUMAN OR CRUEL TREATMENT V. SEXUAL VIOLENCE 1. RAPE 2. OTHER SERIOUS FORMS OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE VI. HUMILIATING AND DEGRADING TREATMENT VII. COMPELLED SERVICE IN MILITARY FORCES AND OPERATIONS OF WAR (INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT) 1. COMPELLED SERVICE IN THE FORCES OF A HOSTILE POWER 2. COMPELLED PARTICIPATION IN OPERATIONS OF WAR VIII. SLAVERY IX. FORCED LABOUR X. PUNISHMENT WITHOUT REGULAR TRIAL 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 3. COLLECTIVE PUNISHMENT XI. UNLAWFUL CONFINEMENT (INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT) XII. DELAY IN REPATRIATION (INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT) XIII. HOSTAGE-TAKING XIV. DEPORTATION OR FORCIBLE TRANSFER 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT XV. TRANSFERRING A PARTY S OWN CIVILIAN POPULATION INTO OCCUPIED TERRITORY (INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT) XVI. CONSCRIPTION, ENLISTMENT, AND USE OF CHILD SOLDIERS D. WAR CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY AND OTHER RIGHTS I. OFFENCES OF EXPROPRIATION 1. CONDUCT 2. OBJECT OF THE CONDUCT 3. EXTENT OF EXPROPRIATION 4. MENTAL ELEMENT 5. MILITARY NECESSITY II. OFFENCES OF DESTRUCTION 1. SCOPE OF THE CRIMINAL PROVISIONS 2. CONDUCT 3. OBJECT AND EXTENT OF THE OFFENCE AND MILITARY NECESSITY 4. MENTAL ELEMENT III. ENCROACHMENTS ON OTHER RIGHTS E. EMPLOYING PROHIBITED METHODS OF WARFARE I. INTRODUCTION 1. ATTACKS ON NON-MILITARY TARGETS 2. OTHER PROHIBITED METHODS OF WARFARE II. ATTACKS AGAINST THE CIVILIAN POPULATION 1. MATERIAL ELEMENTS A) CIVILIANS B) CIVILIANS DIRECTLY PARTICIPATING IN HOSTILITIES 2. MENTAL ELEMENT 3. TARGETED KILLINGS A 437 438 440 441 443 443 444 446 446 448 448 449 450 450 452 454 455 456 457 458 458 460 461 462 467 468 468 469 470 471 471 472 472 473 473 474 474 475 475 475 476 477 477 477 479 481 482 MARG. NO. 1157 1162 1167 1172 1177 1179 1182 1189 1189 1194 1197 1200 1202 1202 1209 1215 1218 1223 1226 1231 1231 1235 1238 1244 1256 1257 1257 1260 1264 1266 1267 1270 1270 1272 1273 1274 1275 1278 1278 1278 1282 1285 1287 1288 1291 1295 1296 CONTENTS III. TERROR AGAINST THE CIVILIAN POPULATION IV. ATTACKS AGAINST CIVILIAN OBJECTS 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT V. ATTACKS AGAINST SPECIALLY PROTECTED OBJECTS VI. ATTACKS ON PERSONS AND OBJECTS USING THE EMBLEMS OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS VII. ATTACKS CAUSING DISPROPORTIONATE INCIDENTAL DAMAGE 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT VIII. ATTACKS ON UNDEFENDED NON-MILITARY OBJECTS 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT IX. PERFIDIOUS KILLING OR WOUNDING 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT X. IMPROPER USE OF INSIGNIA 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT A) IMPROPER USE OF FLAGS OF TRUCE B) IMPROPER USE OF ENEMY FLAGS, INSIGNIA, AND UNIFORMS C) IMPROPER USE OF DISTINCTIVE EMBLEMS OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS D) IMPROPER USE OF PROTECTED INSIGNIA OF THE UNITED NATIONS E) SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT XI. GIVING NO QUARTER XII. STARVATION OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT XIII. USE OF HUMAN SHIELDS 1. INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT 2. NON-INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT F. USE OF PROHIBITED MEANS OF WARFARE I. INTRODUCTION II, INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 1. ICC STATUTE A) USE OF POISON OR POISONED WEAPONS AA) THE TERM POISON BB) POISON GAS AS POISON? CC) CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION B) USE OF POISON GAS AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES C) USE O( PROHIBITED AMMUNITION D) THE CATCH-AIL OFFENCE OF ARTICLE 8(2)(B)(XX) OF THE ICC STATUTE 2. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW A) NUCLEAR WEAPONS B) CHEMICAL WEAPONS C) BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS D) CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS XXI L A 484 486 486 487 488 490 491 491 494 494 494 496 496 496 498 499 499 500 500 501 501 502 502 502 504 504 507 507 507 509 509 509 511 511 511 511 512 513 514 515 516 516 517 518 518 519 MARG. NO. 1301 1305 1305 1311 1313 1319 1323 1323 1332 1333 1333 1337 1338 1338 1343 1345 1345 1348 1350 1352 1354 1356 1357 1358 1364 1364 1371 1373 1373 1378 1379 1379 1382 1382 1382 1385 1387 1388 1389 1393 1396 1398 1400 1401 1404 1407 CONTENTS III. NON-INTERNATIONAL ARMED CONFLICT 1. ICC STATUTE 2. CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW G. WAR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS H. MULTIPLICITY OF OFFENCES PART SIX: THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION A. THE PROHIBITION OF AGGRESSION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW I. DEVELOPMENTS PRIOR TO WORLD WAR II II. CURRENT STATUS B. CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY UNDER CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW (WAR OF AGGRESSION) I. NUREMBERG AND THE CRIMINALITY OF AGGRESSIVE WAR II. MATERIAL ELEMENTS 1. AGGRESSIVE WAR 2. OTHER ACTS OF AGGRESSION 3. PERPETRATORS 4. CRIMINAL ACTS III. MENTAL ELEMENT IV. JURISDICTION C. THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION IN THE ICC STATUTE AFTER KAMPALA I. DEFINITION OF THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION 1. THE ACT OF AGGRESSION BY A STATE 2. THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION II. THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL III. THE EXERCISE OF JURISDICTION IV. ACTIVATING THE COURT S JURISDICTION V. COMPLEMENTARITY APPENDIX 1: MATERIALS A. ICC STATUTE B. ICTY STATUTE C. ICTR STATUTE D. SCSL STATUTE E. LONDON AGREEMENT OF 8 AUGUST 1945 F. NUREMBERG/IMT CHARTER G. TOKYO/IMTFE CHARTER H. CCL NO. 10 I. NUREMBERG PRINCIPLES J. (GERMAN) CODE OF CRIMES AGAINST INTERNATIONAL LAW APPENDIX 2: TABLE OF CASES APPENDIX 3: TABLE OF STATUTES AND INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS APPENDIX 4: INDEX A 521 521 522 523 526 529 530 530 533 534 535 538 538 541 542 543 544 545 546 548 548 549 551 553 555 556 557 557 602 604 606 608 608 609 609 610 611 617 639 663 MARG. NO. 1409 1409 1413 1419 1429 1432 1434 1434 1441 1444 1445 1451 1451 1458 1459 1461 1464 1465 1467 1471 1472 1474 1479 1482 1489 1491
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author	Werle, Gerhard 1952- Jeßberger, Florian 1971-
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spellingShingle	Werle, Gerhard 1952- Jeßberger, Florian 1971- Principles of international criminal law Völkerstrafrecht (DE-588)4188481-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4188481-4 (DE-588)4011882-4 (DE-588)4123623-3
title	Principles of international criminal law
title_auth	Principles of international criminal law
title_exact_search	Principles of international criminal law
title_full	Principles of international criminal law Gerhard Werle ; Florian Jessberger in cooperation with Julia Geneuss ...
title_fullStr	Principles of international criminal law Gerhard Werle ; Florian Jessberger in cooperation with Julia Geneuss ...
title_full_unstemmed	Principles of international criminal law Gerhard Werle ; Florian Jessberger in cooperation with Julia Geneuss ...
title_short	Principles of international criminal law
title_sort	principles of international criminal law
topic	Völkerstrafrecht (DE-588)4188481-4 gnd
topic_facet	Völkerstrafrecht Deutschland Lehrbuch
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027442677&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT werlegerhard principlesofinternationalcriminallaw AT jeßbergerflorian principlesofinternationalcriminallaw

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